Energy models are tools for exploring scenarios, not closed predictions. As they move from paper to report, and from report to headline, many assumptions, boundary conditions, and margins of uncertainty are simplified or stripped away.This category focuses on how energy models are built and interpreted: the distance between physical reality and the future scenarios their outputs portray, and how the same data point shifts in meaning as it travels from one stage to the next. It also covers the most common pitfalls — the use of LCOE out of context, the omission of system costs, and the confusion between starting assumptions and final conclusions.